•Players Who Participate In Athletics Consent And Assume

†¢ Players who participate in athletics consent and assume risk if injury occurs as an aspect of the game. Thus, players who take part in such a dangerous sport as hockey accept the dangers that inhere in it so far as they are obvious and necessary (People v. Schacker). However, if the dangers inherent in the sport were obscure or unobserved or so serious as to justify the belief that precautions of some kind must have been taken to avert them. People engaged in athletic competition are generally held to have legally assumed the risk of injuries, which are known, apparent and reasonably foreseeable consequences of participation. A complainant does not assume the risk of reckless or intentional conduct. Injuries must be so severe as to be†¦show more content†¦However, simply because an â€Å"individual consents to participate in an event where violence is usual does not mean that that individual consents to any act committed against him in the event† (Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals). Despite the violent nature of [boxing], there are rules prohibiting certain conduct†¦[such as the biting off a piece of an opponents ear] the very existence of such rules demonstrates that there are boundaries to what constitutes acceptable behavior in the sport (Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals). In this situation it is not reasonably foreseeable for a boxing opponent to bite another boxers ear. The biting of an opponent’s ear is intentional and reckless conduct which did not fall within normal conduct of the sport of boxing and the boxer who bit his opponents ear will likely be liable for prosecution (Regina v McSorley). c) In frustration, a professional golfer throws a golf ball high in the air behind him and it hits another golfer who was fixing his shoe. †¢ It is highly likely that the professional golfer that threw the ball in anger behind him will be liable for a tortious action. A golfer tends not to consent or assume the risk of a hidden or undisclosed danger, not of common knowledge, in the absence of warning or personal knowledge. In golf, it is common practice for a golfer to issue a warning if his shot deviates from the intended target (ShinShow MoreRelatedTort Law : Intentional Tort1971 Words   |  8 Pagesruling that participants who knowingly cause injury to another contestant outside of the normal rules of conduct while participating in a sporting activity, are liable or negligent, changed the course how courts would rule in tort cases (Harvard Law Review, 2008). Hence, tort law is now a leading point of discussion in athletic and physical education departments in our local school districts (Taniguchi, 2003). Included in the discussion is intentional tort, when a player injuries another participantRead MoreThe Le gality, Morality, Social Responsibility of Paying College Athletes8736 Words   |  35 PagesKantian Ethical Analysis C. 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Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of. ThisRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe sign, and she agrees with Emilio that the nearby stream might not even contain Giardia, so she decides to do whatever the majority wants. She adds that the three of you might get lucky while you are hiking out and meet someone who can help, maybe a hiker who knows more about Giardia or has extra watersterilization tablets. Then again, you might not be so lucky; you didnt pass anybody on the way in. Hiking out while you all have a bad case of Giardia might even be life threatening. Emilio

The Introspection And Behaviorism Movements - 1323 Words

The introspection and behaviorism movements in psychology both had certain flaws and limitations that did not allow them to examine underlying cognitive processes. However, their flaws in studying psychology were on opposite sides of the same coin. The reconciliation of these two flawed fields, along with some other methods, led to the â€Å"cognitive revolution† and the eventual emergence of cognitive psychology (Cognition, p. 13) First, the introspection movement, led by Wundt and Titchener, sought to study the mind by having each individual â€Å"introspect† and record their own thoughts and experiences (Cognition, p. 9). This movement had participants train in the proper way to perform and document this introspection, but since so much of a†¦show more content†¦12). However, they will likely not respond with the correct behavior to a nonsense sentence that rhymes with the correct stimulus. This provides evidence of the fact that people are not reacting solely to the stimulus itself, but rather the interpretation and meaning given to the stimulus by the person’s thoughts, memories, and previous experiences. Therefore, the field of behaviorism, which produced credible, reproducible data, but completely ignored the subject’s underlying motivations for behavior, was flawed in an opposite way from introspection. The â€Å"cognitive revolution† provided a way to create a field that would combine the best parts of introspection and behaviorism, without either of their fatal flaws. The transcendental method, developed by Immanuel Kant in the 1700s, proposed beginning with observable phenomena and working backward to investigate why those processes may be occurring (Cognition, p. 13). By adopting this method of taking objective, observable behaviors, and working backward to provide possible explanations for these behaviors, cognitive psychology was able to come into its own as a science. The working memory system is what allows people to carry out basic everyday tasks, such as reading. Working memory holds small bits of information in a form that can be stored for brief periodsShow MoreRelatedFather Of Behaviorism : Broadus Watson935 Words   |  4 PagesFather of Behaviorism: Broadus Watson During the late 19th century and early 20th century, psychology was defined as the study of the human mind had an emphasis on introspection (Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2015). After this period of time, psychologists began to criticize the validity of introspection as a method of study (McLeod, 2008). This doubt sparked new ideals and lead the field of psychology to be revolutionized. 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B) happen when no one else is around. C) you can directly observe. D) you can infer from careful observation. 6. What does psychologyRead MoreBehaviorism Research Paper1983 Words   |  8 PagesRunning Head: BEHAVIORISM IS NOT THOUGHTS THAT COUNTS. Behaviorism is not the thought that counts Abstract Behaviorism was the third school of thought that manifested in the year of 1913 mainly because of the Structuralisms and Functionalists’ mindset that introspection and mind/consciousness was the main reason on how our minds work mechanically. One of the main persons responsible for the Behaviorism movement was John B. Watson who felt a need to restructure Psychology into a scientificRead MoreOrigins of Behaviorism Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesOrigins of Behaviorism Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. BehaviourismRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1815 Words   |  8 Pagesproponent of behaviorism, which influenced philosophy drastically. 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Although the two theories originated

Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients free essay sample

Welfare programs are now trying to put into place a new qualification where any possible recipients of welfare are required to take a drug test. For the most part, welfare recipients respect the requirements of their contract with the agency. The drug testing will just be used to eliminate any persons taking advantage of the welfare program for inappropriate use and to ensure that the welfare will go to the people who are actually in need of it. While many are more than willing to take the drug tests, there are also quite a few who are very reluctant toward this new qualification. In order to decide whether or not drug testing is a logical and fair requirement, all the pros and cons need to be laid out on the table. As for the pros of the required drug testing, there are quite a few to take into consideration. The first pro to consider is that it’s not fair to the tax payers to have to pay for others’ drug addictions. It will be difficult to avoid logical fallicies on this topic. Because I am coming down on one side of this discussion and want to persuade my audience, I will want to use comments and information from those that view it as I do. Using statistics that are deemed factual will help in showing that these are not just biased opinions from politicians that are simply looking for another vote. If I were to begin to persuade a city council meeting or write a letter to my local government representatives about the importance of mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients, I would begin by saying: Welfare is not an entitlement! It was never intended to be as such. When President Roosevelt enacted the Social Security Act in 1935, it was during the great depression, when 25% of Americans were unemployed. Since then welfare has generously extended its hand to millions of Americans (2012). When someone is benefitting from these programs, and is not deemed disabled, it should be viewed as a â€Å"hand up† not a â€Å"hand out†. It is an issue all over the country that welfare is being abused by its benefactors. Cards are being used for ATM withdrawals, to purchase liquor, buying cigarettes, and even gambling in casinos. Food stamps are being openly traded for drugs (Camden, 2011). Not to mention the deception that is occurring about how many dependents a recipient is responsible for. To be subjected to a simple urine test to receive money and benefits from the U. S, government is not too much to bear. It is no different than obliging to mandatory drug testing for a job. Florida state governor Rick Scott has stated that in his state alone they will save 9 million dollars a year because of benefits being cut due to mandatory drug testing. With these kinds of cuts in spending nationwide, it is sure to reduce government spending a great deal. Not to mention the effect it will have on drug abusers. Florida state governor Rick Scott has implemented drug counseling on a volunteer basis for those benefactors that test positive (Delaney, 2011). Cuts in spending, responsible distribution of benefits and reductions in drug abuse, this sounds like a win-win scenario for us all. References Author Unknown, (2012), The History of Welfare, Retrieved from: http://www. elfareinfo. org/history/ Delaney, A. , (2011, November 27). Rick Scott Backs Drug Tests for Welfare Beneficiaries, Public Worker, and Himself, Retrieved from: http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/09/27drug-testing-welfare-_n_983235-. html/ Camden, J. , (2011, February 04). The Spokesman-Review, Abuse of Welfare Electronic Benefits Transfer Cards Targeted, Retrieved from: http://www. spokesman. com/stories/2011/feb/04/abuse-of-welfare-electronic-benefits-transfer/

Strategic Growth and Issues Associated with the Strategic Direction

The modern global market provides a lot of opportunities for the companies’ development. To success within the market, it is necessary to focus on the definite aspects of the companies’ strategic direction. It is possible to refer to many corporate strategies used to increase the company’s potential within the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Growth and Issues Associated with the Strategic Direction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are also concerns and barriers which can prevent the firm from the successful development and growth according to the international standards. From this point, it is necessary to determine four main issues the focus on which is important for developing the effective company’s strategic direction. Thus, the increase of the company’s potential is based on the effectiveness of the new product introduction. To guarantee the success of the process, it is important to pay attention to the patent and design issues in order to protect the usage of innovation by the company. The introduction of the new product can contribute to the company’s global presence with references to the expansion into new markets. To meet to the tendencies of the global market, it is necessary to respond to the culture and gender issues developing the approaches to recruitment. Thus, the issues of the new product introduction, patent and design protection, the expansion of the global market participation, and specifics of the culture and gender questions are closely connected with each other, and they can affect the company’s development with references to the strategic direction significantly. The global business environment is more competitive today in comparison with the situation typical for decades ago. Much attention is paid to the quality and effectiveness of the strategies proposed to develop firms within th e market. From this perspective, a strategic direction used by the company is its way to achieve significant success in industry. However, the implementation of effective strategies is often associated with resolving the problematic issues and concerns. Many approaches to strategic direction with references to the concept of strategic importance depend on gaining competitive advantage (Chaiprasit 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To stay competitive, it is important not only to support and promote the existing brands but also to introduce new products responding to the customers’ expectations. Introduction of a New Product The introduction of a new product is the guarantee of stimulating the customers’ interest to the brand. Nevertheless, companies should focus on such issues as the market potential for introducing a new product, the competitiveness of the market, the costs of the product’s development, technological and innovation issues, the time limits for introduction, and all the associated risks. To introduce a new product, it is necessary to orient to the target customers as well as to the potential customers who can become interested in a product proposed. In spite of the fact there are a lot of risks connected with the possible success of the product within the market, the introduction can be realised effectively basing on responding to the above-mentioned factors. To introduce a new product, the company focuses on usage of new resources and on following new behaviours in order to achieve their higher results. The process of the product’s introduction is often time consuming, it is associated with spending a lot of costs (Bloodgood McFarland 2004). However, the benefits of the process are also great, and this strategy helps firms to improve the performance within the definite market or to enter a new market, a nd contribute to the company’s global performance. The company can reduce the risk of failure during the process of the new product introduction focusing on balancing the costs and usage of technologies after the proper analysis of the market, tendencies in its development, customers’ needs and expectations (Wan Hoskisson 2003). From this point, the strategy should be directed toward the development of the qualitatively new product which differs much from the existing proposals within the industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Growth and Issues Associated with the Strategic Direction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patent and Design Policies If the company’s global presence as the strategic direction depends on the introduction of the new product within the market with references to the expansion of the market participation, it is also necessary to concentrate on the question of the patent and design protection. The initiation costs should be connected with the costs for the necessary technological research and development of the innovative approach to the product. The introduction of the new product is usually associated with utilising the specific innovations. From this point, the new product should be protected with the help of patent and design laws. The introduction of the new product often means the introduction of the exclusive product within the market because such a strategy guarantees the increase of the customers’ interest to the product and company’s activities. To protect the exclusiveness of the product and prevent the other firms from imitating the effective aspects of product, it is necessary to develop the effective strategy toward using the patent and design laws. The evaluation of the product’s quality and practicality is closely connected with the development of the effective patent which can protect the companyâ €™s innovation and contribute to its development. For instance, the activities of the VTL Group and its success with customers are affected by the focus on innovation and modern technologies with references to the protection of the company’s intellectual property. The strategy used by the company in relation to the patent and design protection can be discussed as effective when it involves business operations significantly (Hill Jones 2009). Thus, the development of the new product can influence the role of competitors within the market and contribute to the company’s taking the higher positions within the industry. Global Presence The next important concern is the problem of expansion into new markets improving the global presence and basing on the introduction of the new product. The expansion into new markets is an important step for the company which requires following the effective strategy. The main components of the strategic direction connected with the im provement of the global presence and expansion into new markets are the evaluation of the market’s potential, its attractiveness, the competitors’ role, and the barriers for entry. To propose the company’s new product or developed brand within the global market, the firm is responsible for identifying the most important markets for entry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The process of entering the new market can be prolonged and challengeable (Mas-Ruiz, Nicolau-Gonzalbez, Ruiz-Moreno 2002). Operating the examples of such firms as Toyota or Nissan, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the set of realistic time limits is necessary to plan the effective strategy and respond to the main issues. Developing the introduction of the new product depending on the expansion into new markets, the company aims to follow the market diversification strategy which can contribute to the company’s global presence if the company is able to overcome the internal and external barriers. The company’s entry into the new markets is associated with focusing on exporting the products which can respond to the customers’ needs and expectations globally (Palpacuer Parisotto 2003). It is also important to take into account the possible instability of markets in order to be ready to change the strategic approach. Much attention should be paid to the firm’s flexibility as the significant aspect to operate within the competitive global market (Harris 2002). The external expansion can be discussed as successful when the company’s profits increase with references to using new markets and acting according to the trends within the global market. From this perspective, the company should refer to the strategic drivers in order to promote the competitive advantage. The risks can be overcome when all the possible barriers and challenges are determined before the strategy’s implementation. That is why, the evaluation of internal and external environments is important to develop the most effective approaches to the strategy’s implementation (Palpacuer 2006). Thus, global presence and performance depend on the ability of the company to meet the global tendencies and develop the product meeting the requirements of the potential customers which should be of higher quality and practicality. Culture and Gende r Issues One more concern which should be discussed with references to the strategic direction is the role of culture and gender in expansion into the new markets. Researchers focus on the idea that today the participation of women in strategic management depend on the principles of the gender-egalitarian approach with references to the particular features of different cultures (Brandl, Mayrhofer, Reichel 2007). However, there are also cultures in which the participation of women in the business development is not actively supported. From this point, it is important to pay attention to the cultural peculiarities of the regions where the company intends to participate in the market because many Asian cultures do not share the idea of the gender equality in business world (Ndubisi 2005). As a result, the business communication between companies and departments can be complicated with references to the cultural traditions and gender issues. Critical and Personal Reflection The Board o f Directors should focus on such issues as the new product introduction, patent and design protection, expansion into new markets, and culture and gender issues because these points are components of the company’s strategic development with its focusing on improvement and progress. Thus, the above-mentioned aspects can be discussed as the issues of strategic importance. It is necessary to examine these factors in their connection because they affect the firm’s development complexly. As a result, the introduction of the new product based on the usage of innovative technologies is almost impossible without the development of the effective patent and design policy. The development of the new product introduction strategy is the significant factor to enter the new markets and operate there successfully following the global trends and responding to the cultural peculiarities. I am inclined to support the opinion that the development of the more effective strategic direction should be based on discussing the mentioned factors to contribute to increasing the company’s competitive advantage. Thus, the strategic growth is closely connected with the effective strategic direction. To be able to overcome all the possible barriers and issues and respond to developing concerns, the company should evaluate not only the internal resources and potential but also the external markets and industry’s competitors in order to develop the most effective strategy. References Bloodgood, J, McFarland, R 2004, ‘New product innovation’, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 16 no. 2, pp. 23-30. Brandl, J, Mayrhofer, W, Reichel, A 2007, ‘Gender-egalitarian culture and differences in strategic integration among women and men in HR director positions’, Management Research News, vol. 30 no. 9, pp. 634-645. Chaiprasit, S 2009, ‘Strategic direction, competencies and going global on global performance and development in Thai firms’, The Business Review, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 142-148. Harris, P 2002, ‘European challenge: developing global organizations’, European Business Reviews, vol. 14 no. 6, pp. 416-425. Hill, C, Jones, G 2009, Strategic management theory: An integrated approach, Cengage Learning, USA. Mas-Ruiz, F, Nicolau-Gonzalbez, J, Ruiz-Moreno, F 2002, ‘Foreign expansion strategy and performance’, International Marketing Review, vol. 19 no. 4, pp. 348-360. Ndubisi, N 2005, ‘Gender differences in the use and antecedents of use of strategic-level systems’, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 17 no. 2, pp. 114-121. Palpacuer, F 2006, ‘Globalization and corporate governance: issues for management researchers’, Society and Business Review, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 45-61. Palpacuer, F, Parisotto, A 2003, ‘Global production and local jobs: can global production networks be used as levers for local development?’, Global Networ ks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 97-120. Wan, W, Hoskisson R 2003, ‘Home country environments, corporate diversification strategies, and firm performance’, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 46 no. 1, pp. 27-45. This essay on Strategic Growth and Issues Associated with the Strategic Direction was written and submitted by user Guillermo Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.