Federated Science Fund Negotiation Essay

Summary: This was a multiparty negotiation, which involved 6 players all with very different negotiation styles. It was an exercise in which teams easily form a coalition. There were concessions about the value added each team would bring to the â€Å"table†, and my team in a situation of power saw how negatively the other teams reacted in name of fairness and how important was to share the pie. During this exercise there was a 3-stage process: individual assessment, team’s assessment and negotiation. 1) During my individual assessment: I did a thorough analysis of what I believed it was Stockman’s fair value. My reservation price was $215,000 as I did a mean value between 230,000 and 197,000. However I was prepared to accept 197,000 in case my counterparties had convincing arguments or/and have used the Sharpley’s method for distributing the pie. 2) During Stockman’s assessment, my team: My partner was comfortable with my analysis and we rapidly agreed on the strategy. He was very favorable of having a cooperative attitude. As a team, we decided to start negotiating as a group of 3 in order to expand the pie to everyone. 3) During the teams’ assessment when we reassembled: There was a consensus that we were better off together than separately, and we decided to do a simultaneous negotiation in order to guarantee that no one was left out of the deal. Everyone wanted to have an even participation. There were two main breakpoints that change the course of the negotiation: the anchoring and a vertiginous switching of power positions. What did I do right? – I did the anchoring of the thought process; I presented the scenario that was more favorable to Stockman, my team. As below:   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ I Assumed that 480 total was the fair value and started backwards by subtracting the added-value from the person that left the deal. Based on this analysis Stockman was the biggest contribution to the pie, it represented 56.25% of the conjunct agreement. – United was not receptive to this deal, and they were not impressed that at my eyes they were worth only 12.5%. United instantly turn to Turbo for a deal. That attitude was surprising to me as I was expecting a more aggressive tactic of United to do a collision with Stockman. – My initial splitting did not convince United and Turbo as in total they had less than partnering together. I knew and acknowledged that, so I offer Turbo and United some of my 270 share. That was the right thing to do, however I should have reclaimed something in exchange. One should only give up a share of the pie if it has something in return. â€Å"Free lunches turn out to be expensive lunches† in the means that people will always ask for more if they don’t feel they need to compromise. – I was not favorable at all to divide equally the pie. I knew my value and was determined to not let go what I considered my fair bit. What did I do wrong? – I started to get nervous and eventually I panic when I realized that Turbo was starting to be more interested to negotiate with United. United in the midst of an angry Turbo, took advantage and ask for a bigger pie to continue with Stockman. This was a crucial moment, which I internally panic. I should have asked for a break and set again my direction with my partner. Internally I needed â€Å"some minutes in the balcony†, to decompressed. – When I saw that Turbo and United were building up forces, I put in a table a completely new negotiation, which was very disruptive, compared to the previous one: – In this negotiation scenario, United saw their share increasing from 60 to 90 and Turbo would remain more or less the same. Turbo felt berated and betrayed, based on the equity theory they did not accepted and demanded for more. – I learn a big lesson, never radically change negotiation positions. Doing such a radical change underestimates the seriousness of your previous arguments and injures radically your position. One should take the time to negotiate and not feel compelled to do quick decisions. In this particular exercise I should have listened more. I got exposed for trying to control and leverage my position of power. Nevertheless, I managed to do a deal still within my initial reservation price. What would I like to do different? – My Stockman partner was sitting on the bench next to United I guess that made me feel in a certain point of the negotiation isolated. Adding to that, I was the only one in the negotiation with calculations and without my phone to add up and do the recalculation of the values on the spot. – I would mirror the behavior of my colleagues next time, if no one shares calculation sheets I will not show any that I have made. Next time, I will push myself more to be more spontaneous and try to use more persuasive arguments than analytical calculations during the negotiation. – Next time I will listen more and try to understand what is considered as â€Å"fairness†, for instance United just being part of the deal might have been fair per se. I lost a good opportunity to stay only with my first analysis and just duel on a psychological construct that United was a small company that developed research in an area that was not Stockman’s main interest, so being part of the deal for United was already a bonus. (I had a better relationship with Turbo). – At the end of the negotiation I just wanted to protect my reservation price at all cost, I lost control and got in the frame of the yes bias. Maybe I am not as much of a risk taker as I thought I was. – Next time, I will get in line with the intentions of my counterparty and announce my intentions and which are the concessions that I think are reasonable. It is always good to start conceding little and slowly progressively do some concessions. People love to feel they are doing progress in their negotiation and it should be gradual – higher satisfaction for the people involved. – It was good to have done an analytical analysis, however next time I will not share entirely my thought process. I should have used my good planning for my advantage during the negotiation.

Hobbes vs the Fool

Hobbes vs the Fool In Hobbes case, justice is characterized supporting a covenant, and for those who shatter their covenant will be penalized accordingly. The fool first expresses his assertion having â€Å"said in his heart: ‘there is no such thing as justice'† (L p. I ch: xv [4]). If there are no covenants to be broken, this would signify neither just or unjust actions exist. The fool by rejecting the reality of fairness is rejecting the achievement of covenants in general, yet as we currently understand from our own know-how, the fool’s contention is unsound.In every day interactions persons manage in diverse examples support their covenants. Here, Hobbes makes the fool's place appear blatantly untrue for its conspicuous betrayal of the genuine world. Yet, as he extends, it is not the case that the fool refutes the reality of fairness in this way. He answers, â€Å"[the fool] does not therein refute that there be covenants and that are occasionally broken, occ asionally kept, and that such break of them may be called injustice, and the observance of them justice† (L p. I ch: xv [4]).However the fool accepts as factual that it is precisely his right of the covenant, one made in evolving part of a commonwealth, that it is flawlessly in good standing to better ones place even if he will take from his or another covenant. The period covenant from Hobbes viewpoint identifies a kind of agreement in which both parties either acquiesce to fulfill their part, one presently and the other in the future, or both at a subsequent time. This is distinct from a normal agreement in which both parties proceed presently, neither having the possibility to falsify their activities from their agreement.Hobbes identifies a covenant's susceptibility to deceitful agreement, when one or both parties acquiesces to their part with shady aims, or when one or both parties makes a legitimate responsibility and subsequent end up shattering it. For the fool, if he has a possibility to better himself in any way whatsoever he will manage so despite of any covenant made. But the fool solidly accepts as factual that he has the right to shatter one covenant if he feels that he has revealed himself to strike needlessly increasing his vulnerability as the covenant continues.Hobbes composes as the fool saying â€Å"every man's conservation and contentment being pledged to his own care, there could be no cause why every man might not manage what he considered conduced thereunto, and thus furthermore to make or not make, hold or not hold, covenants was not contrary to cause, when it conduced to one's benefit† (L p. I ch: xv [4]). From the fool's viewpoint it is only sane to shatter covenant with other ones, being foes with all other ones rather than of holding covenants with those who might traverse him in a world where every individual is just seeking to survive.At this issue protecting against of one's own life as well as exploitation of other ones, premier in numerous situations to their decrease of life, are revealed with some rationale. Hobbes subsequent recounts the likely situation of vying persons and their procedure of attack. Hobbes sees the right of the one-by-one to manage anything is essential to endure, not less than while dwelling inside a State of Nature and Ware, ethics in a sense non-existent. Hobbes refutes the fool, carrying the reality of fairness inside a commonwealth.It is the individual's right as it is recounted in the State of Nature and Subsequently the State of War of which we are all a part, as long as we subsist without affirmation on and acknowledgement of a mutual sovereign, is therefor habitually called into inquiry while at the identical time identified and supported. Hobbes states â€Å"in a status of conflict wherein every man to every man is an foe, there is no man can wish by his own power or wit to fight back himself from decimation without the assist of confederates† (L p. I c h: xv [5]).Thus in eager to eliminate one's self from a state of conflict, banding simultaneously is the only salvation and this needs covenant finally producing in a commonwealth. For Hobbes, the less sensible is that considered which adds one to live as an one-by-one contrary to all other ones, shattering covenants or producing none. The more sensible considered then: acknowledging reality as part of a assembly of others; sustaining some allowance of fairness, some reality in affirmation between young individuals under a mutual rule.Some decisive affirmation upon the situation of interactions of persons should be made, identifying a widespread power distinct and overhead the body of the assembly, and more mighty than any one-by-one so as to sustain control. In confederacy Hobbes contends, power and security can be discovered, asserting â€Å"he affirms he conceives it cause to deceive those that assist him can in cause anticipate no other entails of security than what can be had from his own lone power† (L p. I ch: xv [5]).Here, Hobbes weighs the scale between the just and the unjust, the one-by-one and the assembly, honesty and self-centred cunning, revealing the benefit of calm over war. The fool is only involved in short viewed goals, instant retribution for one's activities, which live mostly in the state of nature. Hobbes considers the larger advantage of relying on other ones, or not less than living in a assembly with a widespread aim contending that living inside a commonwealth is the favorable alternative because the advantages outweigh the loss.He considers the essential situation for the reality of just and unjust actions when he composes, â€Å"there should be some coercive power to compel men identically to the presentation of their covenants†¦ †¦ and to make good that propriety which by mutual agreement men come by, in recompense of the universal right they abandon; and such power there is no one before the erection of a commo nwealth† (L p. I ch: xv [3]).Hobbes states that attaining the â€Å"secure and perpetual felicity of heaven† is vein, â€Å"frivolous†, in   a State of Nature, â€Å"there being but one way imaginable, and that is not shattering, but holding of covenant† (L p. I ch: xv [6]). This is his direct objection to the fools fondness for completely acknowledging and exploiting freezing hard individualism. He conceives that not anything will convey us out of a State of Nature and War other than mutual acknowledgement of a sovereign power which can, because of it's power, preside over all men (in commonwealth) such that no one-by-one see's it in his better concern to disobey.This salvation for man, without rejecting that he actions for the advantage of himself, Hobbes explains:   â€Å"The last origin, end or conceive of men (who routinely love liberty and dominion over others) in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves in which we glimpse them reside in commonwealths is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby; that is to state, of getting themselves out from that sad status of conflict, which is inevitably consequent†¦ †¦ to the natural passions of men, when there is no evident power to hold them in awe, and bind them by worry of penalty to the resentation of their covenants and fact of those regulations of environment set down in the fourteenth and fifteenth chapters. † (L p. II ch: xvii [1]) Here, Hobbes recounts the trade off. One should vitally stop certain one-by-one privileges, and in come back are exempt from a state of war. The steadiness of the commonwealth, of the current facet of calm, and likewise of the sovereign are all reliant upon this â€Å"awe† Hobbes converses about and the worry which is essential for binding one to the fulfillment of covenant.He contends that acquiescing to covenant out of worry of one's own life, deserves that one should fulfill it, saying that in â€Å"covenant to yield ransom, or service, for my life, to an foe [in the state of Nature], I am compelled by it† (L p. I ch: xiv [27]). Hobbes indicates the untrue compromise that in dealing away some of you're right to manage anything you delight, so much as it is permitted in preservation of you're life in the State of Nature, which has no restrict, you rather than gain worry, not only of the sovereign and it's direct, but furthermore a worry about those round you who may select to exploit your believe in justice.In the ‘natural' state worry is glimpsed as essential for the reasonable and tired to sustain protecting against of their life. When matching the State of Nature, to that of a commonwealth we glimpse worry lives non the less, when there is a ruling sovereign. Fear is like the equipment which drives the motor of the commonwealth, which Hobbes states defends contrary to a state of war. This worry he states, is the â€Å"terror of some pena lty larger than the advantage they anticipate by the break of their covenant† (L p.I ch: xv [3]). However, worry lives as an absolutely crucial survival constituent in the State of Nature as well, and therefore is not certain thing profited or swapped in justice. Hobbes devotes us the idea of The Third Law of Nature to classify truth, saying that because of that â€Å"which we are obliged to move to another such privileges, being kept, hinder the calm of mankind†¦ †¦ [and thus] men present their covenants made, without which covenants are in vain†¦ and the right of all men to all things residual, we are still in a status of war† ( L p. I ch: xv [1]). Either it is fairness living in a state of calm, or not anything just or unjust living in a state of war. In a very considerable way, the fool presents Hobbes with a grappling colleague, one who can both articulate the ‘other side' of what he is saying, but furthermore extends to be that sticker in his neck which he can't assist but fiddle with, its stubbornness departing a feeling of nearly anxious discomfort.It is unclear at times if Hobbes really contends with the fool or contrary to him, as Edwin Curley remarks â€Å"The place Hobbes ascribes to the fool is very like the one Grotius ascribes to Carneades, who he takes as agent of those who refute natural law. Since Hobbes himself had appeared to be close to carneades' place in Dcv I, 10 (proclaiming that ‘in the state of environment earnings is the assess of right')† (L p. I ch: xv [4] 2 ).

How does media censorship violate freedom of expression and impact businesses Essay

Discuss how censorship of the media is a violation of the freedom of expression and its impact on businesses in Malaysia. Censorship is the resistor of information and ideas distributed within a society, or can be defined as the act of changing a message, including the change of deletion (complete elimination of the message), between the sender and receiver. Censorship is a tool that can be used to accomplish good or evil but must be used carefully and only when truly necessary. Media censorship takes many forms in the way you get your news, while most information is edited at length some information is edited to keep delicate information from the public and this is usually done to protect a person’s privacy and also to protect media outlets from corporate or political fallout. Freedom of expression is the right to express ones ideas and opinions freely through speech, writing and other forms of communication but without deliberately causing harm to others character and/or rep utation by false or misleading statements. An example of freedom of expression is freedom of press. Freedom of expression is an important human right. It also underpins most other rights and allows them to flourish. The right to speak your mind freely on important issues in society and to access information plays a vital role in the healthy development process of any society. Censorship is an expanding issue in Malaysia as they want to reach a knowledge based economy which is an economy that uses knowledge to generate tangible and intangible assets and using technology to transform a part of human knowledge to machines. Malaysia having one of the world’s firmest systems of media censorship with about a hundred movies being barred in the past 10 years on the ploy of upholding morality and the internet however remains unconstrained in line with keeping civil liberties and preserving democratic spaces. Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia states that everyone has a right to freedom of expression but on many occasions people’s right to implement their freedo m of expression is restricted and selectively based on the freedom of choice of the government. The restrictions are justified under the maintaining racial harmony and public order. Professor Dr. Shad Saleem Faruqi argued that the constitution offers a rather weak provision for freedom of speech predominantly as a result of adjustments following the May 1969 clashes. The right includes freedom to give opinions and to obtain and convey information and ideas without disturbances by public authority  irrespective of borderlines. To exercise freedom, it comes with duties and responsibilities, and may be exposed to formalities, conditions, restriction or penalties set by the law (The Sun, 2005). In the case of Chai Choon Hon v, Ketua Polis Daerah, Kampar and Government of Malaysia (1986), Choon applied for a license to hold solidarity dinner in public space. His application was accepted but stamped with seven restrictions, two he felt were unfair. The speakers should not exceed seven and that no speech to touch on political issues. It was turned down when he sued at that federal c ourt but was granted to go ahead by the supreme-court judge. In this case we see how the government’s power to regulate meetings and event is not absolute. Such right is easily abused especially towards businesses and rival politicians, this comes to show that freedom of assembly remain safeguarded and only restricted when it is absolutely necessary. Daniel J.Boorstin, who was known as the leading intellectual public position in the nation argued that any sorts of censorship â€Å"has no place in a free society.† Hence, media censorship is deemed unlawful or in violation of human rights and should undergo judicial review1. Even the Malaysian Press Institute chairman Datuk Azman Ujang himself claimed, â€Å"Media censorship will not really aid the country because Malaysia needs a free press that shows maturity and progress in order to evolve.† Although he rejects complete press freedom due to existing laws and sensitivities of certain areas, â€Å"press freedom is essential when the foreign community reflects on our country2.† Exclusion of the media is an extremely ruthless constraint on freedom of expression and information in these boundaries should only be placed where there are obvious safety concerns. An unfortunate example would be when the MIC President, S. Samy Vellu had the authorities charge Awang Se lamat under the Sedition Act because of an article â€Å"Malays betrayed?† even though open and civil discussions on race and religion are essential in the evolvement of the nation’s ethical boundaries3. Hence, to ban certain views is a grave violation of freedom of expression for the individual and the community. An appealing argument favoring media censorship however is the security of secrets. For example, in 2008 when Mumbai was attacked by terrorists, media censorship could have been used against news reporters who revealed the counter-terrorist’s operation clearly because terrorists in their hideout could have been pre-warned of the impending actions of the counter-terrorists. Hence, some information is best unknown. Nevertheless, if a foreign press is producing an unbiased discussion on the leadership of our country and the ruling coalition bans such information from the nation, democracy would be no different from dictatorship. Moreover, if knowledge does not spread, it will lead to intellectual stagnation which would not have brought humanity to its present day. Basically, it is about the balance and authorities need to identify the rationale behind that censorship and censor the media as per that rationale4, not according to the selfish benefits of the ruling authorities. Subsequently, Malaysian officials have ordered bookstores to stop selling ‘Where did I come from?’ by British author Peter Mayle, a sex education book which intends to help parents explain to children topics regard ing sex, conception, and birth5. Children should be acknowledged with such topics to avoid mistakes that could have been made in their future. It is not necessary to ban such books as bookstores nowadays significantly display books that have been banned in the past and it took personal courage and long, hard work to undo that ban which should not exist in the first place. Many older teenagers are knowledgeable about sex beyond the imaginations of their parents and are ravenous to scrutinize serious issues concerning life and to have their ideas taken seriously6. Hence, further knowledge should not be stopped from them. After all, books that have no prospect of school purchase can, and do extend freely to infinite possibilities of the English language. Nevertheless, readers and audiences are normally unable to choose what to present and what not to present in the media because everything is already out there unconsciously. The only choice they could make is to select what kind of information and ideas they want to obtain. However, in Malaysia, all contents which are deemed as inappropriate or sensitive are subject to censorship from being reported to the society, be it external forced or â€Å"self-censorship†. The Malaysian government strictly limits the print media from both legislations i.e. reduce citizens’ freedom of expression and free flow of information. There are very few independent publications among Malaysia’s media due to the restrictions of obtaining a publishing license8. It is much easier for magazine publishers to obtain a license compared to  newspaper agencies because most of the magazine topics regard lifestyle issues. For foreign publications in Malaysia, there is a history of threatening censorship, delaying issues, and sporadically the complete banning of an issue of a magazine. Research showed that there were infrequent attacks on foreign journalists and foreign publications because they have published some supposedly censored news about Malaysia. For example, during the Bersih 3.0 rally when Al-Jazeera stressed that they have not been censored in this manner by any other distribution platform in the world and condemns Malaysia for that9. The Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (PPPA) is one of the harshest of the media laws in Malaysia. Its statute in section 4(1), 7(1), and 9(1) of the act demonstrates how stern the law is regarding the censorship of the print media of the nation10. This Act required all print media to acquire an annual publishing license despite the home minister’s authority to suspend or revoke publishing permits easily11. The government has extensive seizure powers over printing presses and publications license. Ong Boon Keong, one case in Penang that shows the PPPA reduce the freedom of expression, Ong Boon Keong the Community leader was accused for breach of the PPPA and the Aiyoh Penang, a bulletin which was published unlicensed. This action has not been taken by the police on pressing charge on Ong till today. Section 3 of the Act gives the Internal Security Minister a legally permit license and also refuse any application for a license. The Internal Security Act 1960 deals with publications which forbid materials that contain substance such as violence, not accordance to the law and causing disruption to the peace and security In Malaysia. Action is allowed to be taken by the minister against all print media where the publishers’ writing has not taken â€Å"reasonable measures† to substantiate the truth of the news. Contravention of this Act will causes an RM 2,000 fine and, or up t o three years imprisonment. Nevertheless, numerous international parties including the UN Human Rights Committee as well as a number of constitutional courts globally have declared that, bans in publishing â€Å"false news† are deemed to breach the guarantee of freedom of expression. As the European Court of Human Rights mentioned, â€Å"Freedom of the press provides the public an ideal means of discovering and forming an opinion of their political leaders’ ideas and attitudes†. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) imposed formal legal obligations on State  Parties to abide its term and had elaborated many of the rights including the Article 19 of Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR). The right to freedom of expression stated in Article 19 of the ICCPR collateral is closely similar to that in Article 19 of the UDHR as â€Å"Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression which shall comprise freedom to seek, receive and impart information and id eas of all kinds†. Although Malaysia is an authoritative elaboration of the rights set out in the UDHR, it has no confirm with the ICCPR. Censorship is a growing issue in many countries in the world and has direct effect in businesses. Businessmen today need truthful news or information that is important for their business. However, because of censorship they sometimes could not get the real news and end up with false news. Media censorship forces companies to take many steps to get proper news while the censorship board finds various ways to keep certain information hidden from becoming public. There are some businesses that actually run depending on the media and public. The newspapers and magazines give such information that helps businessmen to promote and run their business home and abroad. If the censorship board attempts to bar news that is relevant to certain businesses, the effects could be unspeakable. Thus, businessmen have to look through foreign news although foreign print media is often c ensored as well. The fact that Malaysia’s ruling parties control almost the entire press media including the New Straits Times, Malay Mail, The Star, Sin Chew Jit Poh, Guang Ming Daily, Nanyang Siang Pau, and China Press, not to mention Tamil newspapers like Malaysia Namban, Tamil Nesan and Makkal Osai12, political parties could always try to hide their news from others parties which may be related to important business information. So, often other businessmen receive fake or incorrect news that hampers business a lot. This is how censorship is affecting Malaysian business, by not letting foreign news agencies and magazines promote their news in Malaysian newspapers or magazines. The journalists in Malaysia always try to cover the whole true story behind any news or story. Sometimes, they have to bear physical harassment and can often sacrifice their lives to cover the real story. But their efforts get wasted for the obstruction of censorship. Businessmen are generally seen early every morning , eager to read the newspapers to get the latest news about the Business world. Censorship has always created a wall between the truth and  lie. Malaysian government has banned many international newspaper agencies from entering into the Malaysian market. Some businesses fully depend on print media and Malaysian businessmen often need global information to cope with faster moving trends and fashions if they are operating their businesses internationally. Censorship causes problems such as businesses being not comprehensive enough of the circumstances of other countries causing logistical inefficiencies because of possible delays due to strike or any other corruptions in a certain country. Expectedly, the Malaysian business industry suffers much loss due to lack of information from the print media. The government has taken a few steps to make its control over the print media as a way to control the political scenario of the country. Subsequently, a safe campaign in 1998 led by Malaysia’s ruling party, Barisan National which enabled its constituent partie s to obtain corporate control over the four main Malaysia daily newspapers which are the News Straits Times Group, the Utusan Melayu Group, Star Publications and the Karangkraft Group. Operation Lalang was implemented on 27 October 1987. Two daily newspapers, The Star and Sin Chew Jit Poh, and two weekly newspapers, The Sunday Star and Watan, were shut down for a few months in this operation. Their publishing permits were also suspended temporarily. The Star which was the primary English newspaper that gave news in the Oppositions’ perspective was banned as its action was considered under the Sedition Act and during Operation Lalang, this newspaper was shut down. Most of the employees were being let go and become unemployed and also held behind bars under the Internal Security Act. The Sisters in Islam (SIS), an Islamic institution in Malaysia, was wondering why was the book that consists of research papers assembled by the activists and academics from Southeast Asia and the Middle East being banned in 2005 by the Home Ministry of Malaysia. It becomes a question because the book mainly focused on the trials and tribulations that Muslim women faced in their c ountries. The book also stresses on the women’s rights and how to avoid injustice. The newspaper, Suara Keadilan has their permit terminated in June 2010. This is because it was run by the opposition party led by Annuar Ibrahim and according to the Home ministry the news being published in the newspaper were not correct and misleading. All of these actions on the media have negative impacts on their  businesses. When these publications were stopped, those of them who advertised their business in these publications were affected. They will lose financially because less people will know about their products. As for the publication house itself, it will have greater loss as it has no production which leads to no sales. This in turn means no income or profit. There will be opportunities given by the government to those who support them. On the other hand, those who promote the oppositions’ views or support their print media will have a hard time in obtaining government assistance for their businesses. Nevertheless, it is very important to know the government policy and the political trends to succeed in the business world. In conclusion, we find that censorship of the media is a violation of the freedom of expression and has a big impact on businesses in Malaysia. Malaysia being strict and firm on the issue of censorship is a legal constraint which limits and reduces the people’s freedom of expression and free flow of information. While censorship has pros such as preserving secrets of the nation and protecting the citizens of the nation, plagiarism and political motivated propagandas are avoided. Negative effects of censorship hinder ability for citizens to speak out and share their views, and rights to freedom of speech. Freedom of expression is compromised as it takes away the right of citizens’ big businesses inclusive to know and not allowing people to learn about products and therefore business can’t communicate certain information. This causes an increa se in costs and financial hardship to companies. Due to censorship, information received is imperfect and gathering of such information becomes harder. Any type of increase on cost to a business is bad hence having lower profits which means that businesses cannot reach full capability. As Print Media is the common use of communicating information to citizens, having limitation on the information broadcasted could hinder progress to businessmen as most businesses run and depend on print media i.e. Newspaper articles. Media censorship law Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (PPPA) should be loosened with a decrease in restrictions to allow businesses to be dependent on media to blossom and give equal opportunities of success to all businesses. Article 19 of the UDHR and ICCPR should be implemented to keep justice within the nation and freedom of expression can be exercised more and fewer conflicts can take place in the nation. The government should not  control people by censorship as it is a force against globalization and it works against creativity of businesses. In fact, censorship could show a different image to what is really going on which is the abuse of human rights.

Chapter 4 discussion and analysis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter 4 discussion and analysis - Dissertation Example these variables have no significant differences between grocery items and insurance (p > 0.05). Therefore, these variables should not be rejected because these factors significantly affect the purchasing behavior of online consumers when it comes to buying online grocery items and insurances. With regards to the length of time for transaction, several studies revealed that online shoppers are more likely to purchase online grocery items and insurances because of its convenience, reduced physical effort concerning the travelling from home to grocery store outlets or meeting a sales agent in buying insurances, and lesser amount of time it takes to complete a transaction (Kaufman-Scarborugh and Lindquist 2002; Verhoef and Langerak 2001; Keh and Shieh 2001; Raijas 2002). Likewise, the study of Yang et al. (2007) reported that security and privacy, the ease of use of the website, brand-name recognition, and pleasure associated with the purchase assistance provided online also positively a ffects the buying behaviours of online consumers. On the contrary, statistics result indicate that offering a wider choice of products (t = -4.321, p = 0.000), easy comparison of prices (t = -2.021, p = 0.046), sufficient information about the products (t =

Ethics in Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in Electronics - Essay Example In the last few years, electronic engineering ethics have come forward as separate and identifiable fields in applied ethics. Most of the parts and development areas have emerged in USA. Modern electronic engineering declares that engineering ethics involve the part and ways in which an engineer thinks. So, according to this point of view, ethics involve all those activities that are involved within engineering profession. It is a complete process that demands all the technical as well as material knowledge that is not only required but also sufficient for the possible goals. In electronic engineering when we talk about ethics we may see that two attributes play very important role. The first deal with the focus through which activities are carefully associated with the interests of human being. Ethics of engineering practice is generated by shared ideas related to primary activities whether we talk about organizations, designs, constructions or similar terms of the same manner. In 1 994, while talking about ethics related to electronic engineering, Johnson mentioned that electronic ethics include the understanding of societal context in relation to electronics and its designs. These ethics are also important to make students aware about various issues going on especially those professionals indulged in the field of electronic engineering. Moreover, ethics are also developed to make students aware about various sensitive issues while designing electronic devices in their learning process or while working in an organization. Electronic engineering ethics are also developed to give students and professional better understanding about various electronic devices and their usage. These ethics identify the use of devices and how these make impact on society and social environment. Basically, society or social environment is the place where these devices are practically used and implemented. So, ethics prove relation between two. Moreover, ethics in the field of engine ering are also developed to demonstrate the analytical approach and develop conceptual tools for sorting out decisions in various conditions. These ethics further define the impact of electronics in general as well as in specific conditions. However, it is important to understand that engineering ethics do not come or achieve without cost. Many well known ethicists like John Ladd divides electronic engineering ethics into two domains including macro and micro ethics. These divisions of ethics depend on the focus of relationship between engineers and clients or with colleagues and employers. Moreover, these further depend on collective responsibility of profession as a whole. These are known as professional ethics by Ladd. As a whole, we can say that micro ethics deal with the internal issues of the profession whereas macro ethics related to electronic engineering refer the professional attitude and responsibility in broad context including society. Furthermore, when we talk about en gineering ethics, we can see that this deals with the study of moral issues that might be confronted by individuals or organizations that are engaged in engineering. These further include all the questions that were directly or indirectly related to morals, ideas, policies and characters. These ethics identify the relationships of corporations and people that are involved in all technological activities.

Computers and Construction Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 22500 words

Computers and Construction - Dissertation Example Importantly, the literature review will give the study a rather vital starting point and framework, especially for an incisive comparative analysis of the current, past and future status of BIM and other technologies in the construction industry. Generally, the last three decades have seen a tremendous upsurge in the number of literatures written on BIM and other computer technologies applied in the construction, architecture and engineering sectors. In some of the old and even recent literary materials, BIM is also portrayed as a comparatively new subject, serving the interests of the AEC sciences and the construction industry (Wong & Wong, 2010). These literatures also emphasise the role of BIM in availing excellent opportunities for academics, researchers and practitioners to significantly contribute to the development and further implementation of BIM across AEC sectors of economy. Among the most popular topics in the reviewed literatures include BIM implementation in architectur al and construction practice, the influence of BIM on construction management, the changes that BIM creates to the cost estimation, virtual construction development and collaborative technique in construction industry. ... While countries such as England, Canada, Scandinavia, Australia, Singapore Slovenia, the USA and Hong Kong have reported considerable progress in the development of BIM, accompanied by adequate and valuable case studies, surveys, publications and researches, other regions such as Africa, South America, Ireland and Russia are lagging behind in BIM adoption and implementation (McGraw-Hill Construction, 2009). Similarly, big construction firms such as AutoDesk, Bentley and McGraw-Hill Construction have made tremendous steps in BIM adoption and implementation while their smaller counterparts such as those involved in building residential homes lag behind in this regard. The following sections review some of the literatures and studies related to BIM and the economic importance of its implementation. Past Publications and Results If the evidences from past and current studies and literatures on Building Information Modelling are anything to go by, BIM can be said to have immense economic value not only to its designers, owners and constructors but also to the users of the built structures (Rice & Gerber, (2010). The achievement of this project’s objectives is likely to be dependent on the information that will be assembled from past studies and literatures on the subject of the economic value of BIM. Although individual writers and researchers have also covered the subject of BIM in general and that of the economic impacts of the technology in particular, most of the authors and researchers are corporate organisations in the construction, engineering and architectural industries (McGraw-Hill Construction, 2009). One such authors and researchers is McGraw-Hill Construction. One publication by this organisation, which touches on the economic importance and impacts

Outback Steakhouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Outback Steakhouse - Essay Example This paper seeks to assess how employee selection methods at Outback Steakhouse help it to have a competitive advantage. It also seeks to establish the importance of fit to the organization. Moreover, it seeks to evaluate the organization’s employee selection process and whether or not its selection methods are valid. The employee selection methods at Outback Steakhouse have, no doubt, given it a competitive advantage. It has made good use of some of the most effective intangible human resource factors, and these together with a wide knowledge in organization have helped it to have advantages over its competitors. The intangible factors also make it hard for Outback’s competitors to imitate its operations. Outback aims at maintaining its competitive advantage, especially through the use of its already established intangible factors, which are mostly employee-centered. It uses a precise process of employee selection for both its hourly and management employees, and this process is one of the things that have helped it to hire and retain the best employees. During the hiring process, Outback always assesses the qualifications of all applicants before selecting the most appropriate for the vacancies in question. This selection process keeps in mind Outback’s objectives, and such, the successful candidates are always those who have proven beyond doubt that they are ready to work within its vision and values, and also adhere to its organizational culture. These employees must be competent enough to work in teams, and be responsible and accountable (Jackson and Randall, 2008). To efficiently perform in a competitive business world, every player needs to understand that structural flexibility is very crucial for success (Vesey, 1991). This is what Outback seems to have understood so well. Outback Steakhouse employs personality test when recruiting new employees. This is majorly aimed at identifying those candidates who â€Å"adaptable, highly soc ial and meticulous.† Thereafter, it keeps the records of all the successful candidates, which are later used to set the cutoff scores for hiring other employees in future. Only those who attain the set cutoff scores get hired, and as such Outback Steakhouse uses this opportunity to recruit only those applicants with characteristics almost similar to those of existing successful employees, a factor which has helped it maintain its competitive advantage. Moreover, its selection process has helped it to keep its employee turnover levels as low as possible. The low employee turnover is equally important as Outback Steakhouse maintains almost all the skills and talents it nurtures. The process is also very cost effective compared to other recruitment processes, since basing recruitment on the traits of established employees helps it to get simply the best employees (Jackson and Randall, 2008). Fit has proven to be very important for Outback Steakhouse. By matching the personal qual ities of all potential employees to Outback Steakhouse’s culture and values, fit provides it with the most effective employees. It helps it to get the most appropriate hourly and management staff, that is, it helps in hiring the right staff. This fit is also relatively important in meeting the organizations objectives, as it ensures that the best employees are retained as they develop their careers within the organization. This not only leads to better performance but it also increases the loyalty of the employees, who are likely to be more committed to achieving the organizational goals (Jackson and Randall, 2008). Most restaurants in the US are reportedly doing badly partly

Development of an internet based housing demand database system for Essay

Development of an internet based housing demand database system for the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Human Settlements - Essay Example The research methodology employed assisted in obtaining data relating to the current business processes in the Department of Human Settlements (DHS), that is to capture the functional requirements of the system and the users’ perceptions of the proposed system to develop an internet based housing demand database system for the KwaZulu-Natal DHS for improved housing service provisioning. Cooper and Schindler state that the research design is necessary for fulfilling research objectives and answering research questions. Research design indicates the techniques to be used in gathering data, the type of sampling to be used and how to deal with time and cost constraints, hence the need to focus on a specific research design. Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill explain that there are two approaches to research, each with its own underlying philosophy and views namely, the quantitative approach and qualitative approach. According to Neill, quantitative research is a type of approach that a ssigns numerical data to answers, confirms evidence and produces findings based on fixed closed questions. He adds that qualitative data sets are made up of non-numerical material such as transcripts or audio-recordings of interviews, field notes of researcher observations, records of conversations, and any kind of social text such as books, newspapers and advertisements. Qualitative research is typically used to answer questions about the complex nature of phenomena often with the purpose of describing and understanding the phenomena from the participant’s point of view. ... Qualitative research allowed the researcher to identify the users’ view of the system and also allowed the researcher the opportunity to understand the users’ personal experience of the system. The following section discusses the target population of the study. 3.4Target Population According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), the population is the full set of cases from which the sample is drawn. The target population for this study was the employees of the housing demand database section, municipality employees and the IT section of the DHS. The target population for the study comprised of 70 individuals. As it was impossible to focus on the entire population, it was necessary to use a sample to obtain the relevant data. 3.5 Sampling According to Welman and Kruger (2005:18), great care should be taken to obtain a representative sample in order to prevent a biased result. There are two types of sampling namely probability and non-probability sampling. Welman and K ruger (2005: 56) explain that in the case of probability sampling, the probability that any element or member of the population will be included in the sample can be determined, whereas in non-probability sampling by contrast, this probability cannot be specified. This study used a non-probability sampling method. The advantage of non-probability sampling is that it is less complicated and more economical in terms of time and cost. The researcher opted for this sampling technique as this allowed her to focus on specific individuals that were familiar with the system (Saunders et al., 2009:237). To develop an IT system, it was necessary to gather the requirements from the users of the system such as data capturers, administrative staff, managers of

Drugs and their influence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drugs and their influence - Research Paper Example In 2004, the famous Whitney Houston disappointed many of her fans when she was arrested because of drug use. She ended losing her voice and reputation. In 2009, Michael Jackson shocked the world with his death that is associated with drugs. Such cases are only a few of the many unknown cases of drug users. Other effect is on the economy of the government. Billions of government money has been spent to treat victims of drug abuse and eliminating its supply but it seems victims of it and its illegal market grew even more. Tom Whitehead (2011) in his editorial report mentioned that the government has wasted 100 billion pounds tackling illicit drug markets. Because of this, aggressive attempts to prevent abuse of drugs by the government not only in the United States but internationally have been enforced. The supply and cost, risk factors of illegal drug use, and practice of physicians all influence the continuous habit of using drugs. Understanding these factors may lead to better strat egies or techniques in dealing with the problem of drug use in the United States. Review of Related Literature Influence of Supply and Costs of Illegal Drugs in its use Most problems of drug use in the Unites States are rooted in the supply. The supply of illegal drugs is abundant in some States of the country especially in the southern part because of its proximity to Columbia and Mexico which are the largest producers and suppliers of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (Reuter, 2009). Drugs flourish in the Northern cities of Mexico and seem too crawl beyond its border and expand to United States through its border cities. This claim is further supported by the study by Bucardo and company (2005) where they explained that Mexican border crossings might be a contributory factor on the rampant heroin use in the border cities of the United States. History also reveals that Mexican and Columbian drugs reach the United States and Canada via the Caribbean. With the proliferation of dru g production in these neighboring countries, eliminating drug use is almost would be difficult. Not only illegal drugs are abused because of abundant supply. Cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and over the counter (OTC) drugs are also commonly abused. More than 46 million individuals in the United States alone are smokers. The supply of cigarette and alcohol makes it an easy choice of drug abusers to shift from illegal drugs to cigarette and alcohol instead. Today that law enforcers are becoming stricter in the implementation of laws in clamping down drug traffickers, supply of cocaine was reduced forcing drug users to resort to over the counter drugs too. Most often, pain killers like codeine, morphine, and oxycodone are abused as a replacement of illegal drugs. Cost also influences the proliferation of drug users. Low price encourages users to continue the use of illicit drugs because it is affordable. Ironically, policies prohibiting its sale caused the price of the commodity to decr ease and that drug users could easily avail of it. The increased capture of drug traffickers by coast guards and other government authorities had significantly resulted in the low price of the commodity favoring drugs users because of reasonable price. Report also stated that the price of heroine had further deteriorated to 30% more even with a 26% seizure rate of heroine throughout the world (ONDCP, 2004). On the other

Design and Technology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design and Technology - Lab Report Example Lastly, DFA index is very critical assembly efficiency indicator of the component design.This value is directly proportional to the design efficiency. Pneumatic piston design improvement is shown in figure 3 where assembly efficiency was used.Figure 1 above shows the pneumatic piston original design.Furthermore, the attached worksheet corresponds to the subassembly and it is observed that the design efficiency is 29 percent( figure 2). The applied DFA method might be extended to a high-speed robot and automatic assembly. It has been found to be very critical majorly in situation redesigning whereby the operational time's detailed knowledge is well known or it could be calculated for the given product(Pugh 1991).In addition to this DFA technique explored in detail, other techniques of assembly evaluation do exist and include Lucas and AEM DFA methods. Summary In summary, assembly efficiency is considered to be a very critical measure or index in the DFA technique. It can be employed in the evaluation of product assembly and it determines whether the design can facilitate the assembly of the product with the aim of providing a foundation for the effective improvement of the design Figure 2 show s the redesigned pneumatic piston and it is with the worksheet that corresponds to the subassembly. When the worksheet of the original design and new design are compared, it is evident that in the new design, the assembly efficiency increased by 90 percent where the original design had 27 percent, assembly efficiency.

Bank of America Financial Statements Research Paper

Bank of America Financial Statements - Research Paper Example These auditors provide a clean opinion on the financial statements as they are in done with the accordance of the law of the state and they value the client’s long standing relationship. PwC values their clients and they share a long and committed relation with their clients. The financial statements of Bank of America provide materialistic and factual evidence of subsequent events. The bank also provides a consolidated five year summary of the selected financial data in order to provide accurate results. The bank is divided into six business segments, which consists of deposits, global card services, home loans & insurance, global commercial banking, GBAM and GWIM. â€Å"Results of our operations through six business segments: Deposits, Global Card Services, Home Loans & Insurance, Global Commercial Banking, GBAM and GWIM, with the remaining operations recorded in all Other† (Bank of America, 2010). The auditors provide a clear report of the firm and they dedicate thei r report to the society. The reason for the bank’s downfall which has reduced its profits in the year 2010 was a decrease in the growth of assets. Similarly the bank has raised large amounts of debt in the last financial year and aims to improve its financial and capital strength. Bank of America is the one of the earth’s major financial organizations, serving individual customers, small- and middle-marketplace business and big businesses with a complete variety of asset management, investing, banking and other fiscal and risk management goods and services. The business offers unmatched expediency in the US, serving around 57 million customer and small business relations with around 5,900 retail banking offices and about 18,000 ATMs and award-winning online banking by way of 29 million active consumers. Bank of America is one amongst the world's foremost wealth management businesses and is a worldwide leader in business and trading and investment banking across a wide variety of asset classes, serving businesses, governments, organizations and persons around the world. â€Å"Bank of America does not undertake an obligation, and disclaims any duty, to update any of the information in

Chinas Environmental Issues Essay Example for Free

Chinas Environmental Issues Essay China has many environmental issues, severely affecting its biophysical environment as well as human health. Rapid industrialization as well as lax environmental oversight have contributed to the problems. The Chinese government has acknowledged the problems and made various responses, resulting in some improvements, but the responses have been criticized as inadequate. As of 2012 there is increased citizen activism regarding government decisions which are perceived as being environmentally damaging. (Wikipedia) As China’s economic growth continues to blossom in 2007, with the countries GDP hitting 11. 4%, alongside China gets hit by an environmental crisis. Sixteen of the worlds twenty most polluted cities are in China. Experts say the Chinese government has made serious efforts to clean up and achieved many of the bid commitments. Beijing’s pledge to host a Green Olympics in the summer of 2008 signaled the countrys willingness to address its environmental problems for example. However, an environmentally sustainable growth rate remains a serious challenge for the country. (http://www.cfr.org/china/chinas-environmental-crisis/p12608) China’s major environmental issues: * Water- China suffers from water shortage and water pollution. About one-third of Chinas population lacks access to clean drinking water. s part of its effort to harness the nations water supply, China has a large dam-building program with over twenty-five thousand dams nationwide–more than any other nation. The dam projects are not only a high cost in terms of money, but also in farmland loss, ecological damage, and forced migration of millions of people, says the Woodrow Wilson Centers Jennifer L. Turner, director of its China Environment Forum, in a report for the Jamestown Foundation. * Land- Desertification in China leads to the loss of about 5,800 square miles of grasslands every year, an area roughly the size of Connecticut. The Worldwatch Institute, an environmental watchdog and research organization, reports that excessive farm cultivation, particularly overgrazing, is one of the leading causes of desertification. As the deforestation grows, so do the number of sandstorms; a hundred were expected between 2000 and 2009. Desertification also contributes to Chinas air pollution problems, with increasing dust causing a third of Chinas air pollution. * Greenhouse gases- In 2008, China surpassed the United States as the largest global emitter of greenhouse gases by volume. (Not per capita however) The increase in Chinas emissions is primarily due to the countrys reliance on coal, which accounts for over two-thirds of its energy consumption, contributing to sulfur dioxide emissions causing acid rain.

Conflict Management in the Workplace

Conflict Management in the Workplace Introduction Conflict management in the workplace is an issue that every leader, manager, or employee has to deal with at one time or another. The basics of conflict management include improving communication, teamwork, and a systematic approach to solving the disagreement. This paper explores various techniques that can be utilized to manage conflict in the workplace. Workplace Conflict Management Conflict is defined by Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman as â€Å"the process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party† (p. 362). Sometimes conflict that be a positive force within an organization, while at other times it is a negative force. An example of conflict as a positive force is that the creation and resolution of conflict may lead the company to constructive problem solving. It may also lead people to search for ways of changing how they do things. The conflict resolution process can ultimately be a stimulus for positive change within an organization (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 364). However, conflict may also have serious negative effects on an organization. For example, conflict may divert efforts from goal attainment or it may deplete resources (particularly time and money) (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 364). Conflict also may negatively affect the psychological well-being of employees and cause stress (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 364). Indeed, conflicting workplace ideas may lead to anger, tension, and anxiety. Deep and lasting conflicts that continue without conflict management may even lead to violence between employees and others (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 365). Therefore, it would be fair to say that conflict may sometimes be advantageous and at other times destructive. Workplace managers must be sensitive to the consequences of conflict. These consequences range from negative outcomes (such as loss of skilled employees, sabotage, low quality of work, stress and even violence) to positive outcomes (such as creative alternatives, increased motivation and commitment, high quality of work, and personal satisfaction) (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 365). Conflicts (whether they are negative or positive) will arise in organizations whenever interests collide and when these differences affect the relationship between interdependent people, they must be constructively managed (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 365). According to Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, some ways to manage conflict include: the â€Å"forcing style†, the â€Å"accommodating style†, the â€Å"compromising style†, and the â€Å"collaborating style†. The forcing style refers to â€Å"assertive and uncooperative behaviors and reflects a win-lose approach to interpersonal conflict† (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 374). This forcing style relies on coercive power and dominance to resolve the conflict. In the forcing style, the person who is trying to resolve the conflict feels that one side must win and that one side must lose (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 374). The accommodating style, according to Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, refers to â€Å"cooperative and unassertive behaviors† (p. 376). The accommodation style manifests itself as a long-term strategy to encourage cooperation by others, or as a submission to the wishes of others. The accommodator tries to reduce tensions and stresses by reassurance and support (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 376). This style shows concern about the emotional aspects of conflict, but does not deal with substantive issues this style simply results in covering up or glossing over the issue (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman p. 376). According to Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, the compromising style refers to â€Å"behaviors at an intermediate level of cooperation and assertiveness† (p. 377). This style is based on give and take, which usually involves a series of concessions. This technique is commonly used and widely accepted as a means of resolving conflict. A collaborating style refers to â€Å"strong cooperative and assertive behaviors. It is the win-win approach to interpersonal conflict handling† (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 376). In this stylistic approach to workplace conflict management, it is sharing, examining and assessing the reasons for the conflict that leads to the development of an alternative that is fully acceptable to everyone involved. This effectively resolves the conflict (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 377). Studies on the use of these different interpersonal conflict handling styles indicate that collaboration is the best approach to managing workplace conflict (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 378). The collaboration style tends to be characteristic of (1) More successful individuals and (2) High-performing, rather than medium- and low-performing organizations (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 378). Furthermore, the use of the collaboration style of conflict management appears to result in positive feelings from employees (Hellriegel, Slocum and Woodman, p. 378). So, it appears that the best style to resolve conflict is the collaborative style. Another suggestion for workplace conflict management is to take a step-by-step approach no matter what style the manager is employing. Author Rudy M. Yandricks article, â€Å"Integrating Behavioral Strategies: A Solution to Workplace Problems†, suggests that a systemic approach to workplace issues by management is essential in todays workplace environment. For example, a step-by-step process can be taken to resolve any workplace conflict. This enables the leader to follow a systematic approach to resolving a conflict. A detailed example of a step-by-step systemic approach is the following: First, the employee reports an issue to his supervisor. Second, the supervisor gathers information in order to gain the best understanding possible of the potential hurdle. Third, the supervisor identifies possible causes of the conflict by collecting information from the team members and from anyone else impacted by it. Fourth, the supervisor meets with a Human Resources specialist who will build a list of potential solutions to the conflict. Fifth, the Human Resources specialist, in conjunction with the supervisor, decides on an appropriate solution to the problem. Sixth, the Human Resources specialist and the supervisor present the solution to the workers. And, finally, the solution must be administered. Additionally, there are exercises that can be done to resolve conflict and tensions in the workplace. For example, in the article by Boss and McConkie, the authors suggest an exercise for situations of conflict where there are contradictory personalities. They suggest a writing exercise where the people in conflict write answers to three questions: What does he or she do well? What do I think I do that bugs him or her? What does he or she do that bugs me? (p. 50) This exercise, according to the authors, gives those in conflict time to get used to an explicitly confrontational situation before either of them has a chance to â€Å"pop off† at the other. It forces some rationality into an emotionally charged situation. Also, those in conflict are forced to look at their own behavior before making any accusations against the other. Completing this exercise will create a non-contentious atmosphere for continuing the conflict resolution. Frequently, after doing an exercise such as the aforementioned, it will become clear that neither person involved in the conflict is intentionally causing problems for the other. Each of the foregoing systemic techniques and styles regarding workplace conflict management can be utilized either separately, or in conjunction with each other, in order to promote a more cohesive work environment. Conclusion Conflicts are part of individual relationships and organizational development, and no†¦organization can hope to mature to productivity and be successful without being able to resolve conflicts effectively (Cottringer, p. 6). Thus, conflict resolution is an integral part of maintaining a thriving workplace and the techniques and systemic approaches discussed in this paper should be utilized to resolve differences in the workplace. Bibliography Boss, Wayne R. and Mark L. McConkie. â€Å"Conflict Management in Surgery: Third-Party Intervention†. 5/1/2000. Public Administration Management: An Interactive Journal. Available at:. Retrieved May 22, 2003. Cottringer, William. â€Å"Conflict Management.† Executive Excellence Magazine, 14.8 (1997):6. Hellriegel, Don, John W. Slocum, Jr. and Richard W. Woodman. Organizational Behavior, 8th Edition. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 1998. Yandrick, Rudy M. â€Å"Integrating Behavioral Strategies: A Solution to Workplace Problems.† Competere Consulting Group. Available at: . Retrieved May 22, 2003.

Management of Geriatric Health Facilities

Management of Geriatric Health Facilities Nirpreet Kaur Brar ABSTRACT The main purpose of the report is to tell about the different organisation’s services provided to elderly and how they can bring more improvements in their services. It also describes how to minimize the stigma impacts on individuals and their family. In this report the problems among elderly are described and the management of those problems is also described in the report. The report was descriptive in nature. The data was analysed and interpreted. INTRODUCTION In the field of healthcare, support planning for geriatric clients and family is packed with excitement, challenges, obstacles, confusions or frustrations, but all these are combined with the sense of purpose and commitment. Geriatric care management is the process in which planning and coordinating care of the elderly is done to meet the long term care needs of the elders, improving the quality of life of the elderly and maintaining the independence of the old people for a long time. It makes a part to work with persons of old age and their families to manage, render and refer various types of health and social care services. The common medical conditions which affect elderly are diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dementia etcetera. TASK-1 Identify and critically analyse the kind of support and access to community support services Kindly residential care rest home. Select at least five different organisations and explain how their services assist the elderly with common geriatric health conditions. Answer: -1) The Parkinsonism society of New Zealand (Parkinson’s New Zealand):- This society is for the old people who are affected by Parkinson’s. It provides support not just to the individuals with Parkinson’s but to their friends and families also. There is a list below for the carer to consider for providing care to the old persons:- Sufficient information about the need of the person you are supporting. Should have a diary to keep and record the symptoms and difficulties of the person you are caring. Should ask the Parkinson’s community educator about the financial benefits of the old person. Consider about the feelings and what you are doing. Should contact with other carers. It is the key to provide invaluable mutual support, ideas, information and friendship. Should promote independence for the person you are caring for. 2) Alzheimer’s New Zealand: The Alzheimer’s services are available to everyone who has dementia. The groups of this society are free and available in variety of locations such as North, south, east and west. The workers provide a comprehensive range of help and support of dementia which includes:- Telephone consultation and advice Home visits Family groups and individual consultations Excellent information resources Home based dementia support provides:- One to one socialisation for the person with dementia either in home or by the outings etcetera The staff runs weekly activity groups for people with dementia’s early stage for providing appropriate socialisation and stimulation. The Alzheimer’s New Zealand is strategic framework which is demanding and based on future for the national dementia community which provides the direction which in turns required for us to know how to meet the challenge of dementia at present or in the future. In New Zealand dementia is one of the most significant and growing challenge of the health care. There is a framework which challenges all of the organisations in the dementia community. 3) Arthritis New Zealand: Arthritis New Zealand is not-for-profit organisation which aims at enabling a better quality of life to the people which are affected by arthritis? It works in the areas of education, direct support and public awareness etcetera. It is one of the New Zealand’s leading charities which represent the interest of 530,000 people which are living with this painful disease. It aims at enabling a better quality of life for the people having arthritis. The generous community and their contribution help it. It costs $5.6 million annually to provide essential services. The 12% of this cost is provided by the government to the organisation. The rest of the cost has to find from elsewhere. For example through fundraising activities like lotteries and Annual Appeals. The net income which is raised through these fundraising activities is spent throughout 21 arthritis centres. 4) Osteoporosis New Zealand:-Osteoporosis New Zealand is a national organisation which aims at reducing the incidence of osteoporosis in New Zealand. It was formed for the aim of raising awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis and for providing a national voice for people with osteoporosis and for those who are at risk. The main objective of this society is to:- Improve bone health for all New Zealanders. Develop a culture in New Zealand for valuing bone health for life. Osteoporosis New Zealand is dedicated to improve bone health for all New Zealanders at all stages of life. This is done by scientific evidence based decision making through the development of management recommendations and position statements by providing advice, educational material and information for the public and advocating for better access to diagnosis and medication for osteoporosis. 5) Glaucoma New Zealand: Glaucoma New Zealand is a charitable interest which aims at eliminating blindness from glaucoma. It is number one preventable cause in New Zealand. Glaucoma aims at:- Enhancing public awareness regarding glaucoma Supporting and informing people with glaucoma Educating eye health workers for ensuring high quality services. Facilitate research into glaucoma. The key massage of glaucoma New Zealand is that the early detection of glaucoma is vital to prevent blindness which means an eye examination every five years from the age of 45 and every three years from the age of sixty. However at any age any changes noticed in eyesight then eye examination is necessary at that time. It is really important for the people to know that if glaucoma runs in their family the risk increases among every member substantially. At the age of 60 there are more chances of getting glaucoma or short sighted, if anybody used to consume drugs in past or present or have eye injury. Glaucoma activities include:- To aid early detection of glaucoma annual public awareness campaigns are established For educating the people and those with the interest of glaucoma regular public meetings are conducted for helping them to understand about the disease condition and treatment of that disease A glaucoma membership information package Eyesight publication- a regular newsletter sent free Support and inform people with glaucoma Participating in education of health professionals involved in glaucoma care Supporting research into glaucoma In information and education of glaucoma following things are done:- Presentation at public meetings around the country Free information packs for people who are registered Advisory service Fact sheets for distribution by ophthalmologists and optometrists Quarterly newsletter:eyelights b) Select at least six of the following type of services provision and explain how these assist the elderly with common geriatric health condition Hospitals: A hospital provides emergency medical care; intensive treatment; diagnostic testing and it may or may not require admission. The elder people use hospitals more than the younger people. The geriatric interdisciplinary team identifies and meet the complex needs of the old patients and watch for and prevent common problems among the old people. This team aim to ensure the following:- The patient can move easily from one care setting to another care setting The care is not duplicated 2) Residential care: Private companies and not-for-profit organisation provides the residential care in New Zealand. In most of the cases care cost of the individual is subsidised by the government funding which is known as residential care subsidy. Residential care divided into four levels: rest home care long term care hospital, dementia care and psycho geriatric care. Some of the homes provide all levels of care but some do not. 3) Psychiatric services: It is a time limited service which provides assessment, treatment, and management rehabilitation and consultation advice for old people who have functional or organic health conditions. The services are delivered in holistic way that acknowledges and takes account of the client’s cultural, social and spiritual needs as well as their disability and health needs. The service is provided in one of the following locations:- Dedicated mental health service for old people Acute adult mental health ward Assessment and treatment beds in private hospitals Clinics including outreach to rural and remote areas 4) Dementia advisors: Dementia advisors provide following services:- Education and training for people with dementia and their families. Workforce training and education Readily accessible services Governance Culturally appropriate services Funding streams Monitoring and evaluation Advocacy 5) Nursing homes: These are to maximize the physical functioning minimize or prevent the decline in daily living activity and plan for transitions of care. The care strategies include: Maintaining daily routines of individuals. Educate older adults, family and formal caregivers on the value of independent functioning and the consequences of functional decline. Minimize bed rest 6) Sheltered housing: The New Zealand population is ageing. But within the older population older age groups are increasing rapidly which results in increasing of life expectancy, which is higher for women as compared to men due to which women will experience more years with the disability at the end of the life. These factors combine to underline the vulnerability of older women and to suggest that their needs be given a high profile in the planning and designing for housing for older people. TASK-2 QUESTION- Kindly residential care rest home management would like you to prepare an outline of a booklet that they could have printed and use as part of the educational material supplied to stakeholders within the organisation which include staff, individual clients and family members. Management have identified the following stigma impacts: Social isolation of the individual and their family Answer: People living alone have few social connections and the nature of the dementia can make it hard for them to maintain social contacts. It can be defined as the absence of social interactions, contacts and relationships with family and friends. It is considered as a risk factor in disease development and in the existing disease disability. It is included as well as in the measure of quality of life and thus it is an outcome and also risk factor. Social isolation consideration almost always occurs in the context of social support and the two in most cases are used interchangeably. Both concepts are defined inexactly over the past few decades. A new study has shown that being socially isolated can have a greater effect on risk of early death especially among the elderly. In addition feeling of loneliness reported by the participants often linked with isolation was not significantly linked with death risks. Assumption of automatic loss of independence:- Answer: One may feel that by asking others for help, you will lose your sense of self or become dependent. The policies which are designed to meet the challenges of old population should be based on understandings of process of disability in old age. Unable to make decisions about own care:- Answer: Patients have the right to participate in decisions about their care, e.g., diagnostic and treatment interventions, diet, ambulation, daily care, and end-of-life care. Consent to diagnostic and treatment interventions requires that the patient demonstrate their ability to consider the benefits, burdens and risks of the decision. Whether or not an individual has the capacity to understand, make a decision and take responsibility for the consequences of the decision is a clinical determination; it is not a question of legal competence. Persons with mild-to-moderate dementia can have the capacity to make some, but not all, decisions. They may be able to participate in decision making but impaired memory recall might preclude their ability to demonstrate that they understand the treatment options. Dissatisfying interactions with the medical community Answer: One of the barrier that put the person with dementia in serious conditions by approving and complying to medical management. Many researchers stress the clinical and theoretical importance of effective communication in medical encounters Both empirical data and clinical experience suggest that there are important ways that physicians can maintain and enhance the health and well-being of patients, as well as family caregivers, by fostering mutuality through a triadic relationship Geriatric patients usually have a complex array of interacting biomedical, psychosocial, and functional disabilities .Caregivers play a substantial role in assisting patients in daily activities .In addition to the physical disabilities associated with age related co-morbidities, many older patients have cognitive impairment that compromises their ability to exercise judgment and report symptoms and experiences. Caregivers have knowledge of the patients physical, social, cognitive, and financial well-being, and bring this information to the medical encounter. This factor necessitates that physicians extend their learning possibilities and information-giving practices to caregivers. Research on geriatric encounters typically focuses on the many problems that exist between doctors and their geriatric patients, especially difficulties of patient communication .Other studies call attention to problems with the elderly persons capacity for self-care. Wait kin (1991) notes that some of the most interesting and important features of research on geriatric medical encounters involve concerns about matters that appear marginal or peripheral to the technical goals of clinical medicine. He found that elderly patients personal troubles included social isolation, financial insecurity, loss of community and material possessions, death of family members, and retirement from work. Physicians often responded to such social psychological problems by cutting off any discussion about social context and reemphasizing technical matters. At best, the current literature only implicitly addresses the pivotal role caregivers play in this relationship. Uncertainty of support and treatments:- In 2010/11 a wide range of health professionals, service providers and consumers were engaged in a process to develop a new way to deliver good quality, safe and sustainable services to meet the needs of the increasing number of older people in Hawke’s Bay. The model outlined in this document was been developed in line with the key principles of the government’s Better, Sooner, More Convenient and initiative. Evidence of what really makes a difference in the lives of older people was drawn upon, along with evidence of what has worked to reduce the pressure on hospitals both in New Zealand and overseas. Many older people especially those who are intensive users of health and support services have long term health conditions and support needs that require ongoing monitoring and follow-up. The model of care described here has been developed as a generic model which has the potential to be applied to other client groups with long term needs. Report prepared by Andrea Joplin, Project ManagerKey developments outlined in this paper includes: The establishment of an Older Person’s Health Service within Hawke’s Bay DHB. The closer alignment of the over 65s team at Options Hawke’s Bay with the DHB’s Older Person’s Health Services. The establishment of interdisciplinary Care Clusters aligned to General Practice groups to include a Care Manager, Allied Health and District Nursing. Piecemeal changes to older people’s services are unlikely to make significant gains in the quality of life for our clients or achieve clinical and financial sustainability. The development of Care Manager Roles to undertake comprehensive assessment, care planning and service coordination for older patients with very complex needs. The development of Community Geriatrician resources. The resourcing of intermediate care services in community settings. The development of restorative home-based support services. The Steering Group recognised at the outset of the planning process that piecemeal changes to older people’s services were unlikely to make significant gains in the quality of life for our clients or achieve clinical and financial sustainability. As such the developments discussed in this paper are not insignificant. However, changes will be made in an evolutionary, rather than revolutionary manner and the model may take several years to fully implement. Changes will need to be carefully planned and implemented in stages, as finances and other resources allow. There is a window of opportunity to begin service developments before the increase in the number of adults aged over 85 years begins in earnest in 2013-2014. It will be possible to redirect existing resources to fund some of the new services in 2011/12, but there will also be a need for further investment in coming years as the proportion of older people in the Hawke’s Bay population grows. RECOMMENDATIONS There should be regular monitoring of the services to maintain good performance and to assess the areas of improvements. Planning should be made to provide good services and then that planning should be implemented in a better way. Sufficient staff should be there in every organisation to support and treat the old people. Good management for everything is very necessary. Conclusion The group believed that utmost management of geriatric health facilities is as important to the safety of the patient, the value given to staff, and the profit of the institution. The staff’s safety is also as much important as the patient’s safety. If staff will be good then only he /she can take care of his residences. REFRENCES Alzheimer’s New Zealand (1982) Retrieved from http://alzheimers.org.nz/ Hospital care and elderly (2013) Retrieved from http://merckmanuals.com/geriatrics/elderly/hospital_care_and_the_elderly Mental health services for old people (2014) Retrieved from http://otago.ac.nz/christchurch/otago014051 Social isolation among older individuals (1992) Retrieved from http://nap.edu/openbook.php Loss and recovery of independence among seniors (July 2002) Retrieved from http://odesi1.scholarsportal.info/documentation/PHIRN/NSAI/6316-eng

Zen and the Enlightened Mind Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

Zen and the Enlightened Mind "I have forgotten everything. I don't remember a single word"(Masunaga 36). This is the mind of one who seeks the Way. In A Primer of Soto[JS1] Zen Dogen explains the Way of the Buddha and stresses the importance of "sitting in meditation" or zazen as a means of reaching the manifestation of wholeness. The manifestation of wholeness is a state in which one abandons both mind and body and empties oneself of ignorance, delusions, and dualistic modes of thinking. One who is free from dualistic modes of being enters a world in which both subject and object exist. This is a non-objective mode of being where "all self-centeredness has been emptied, where words and concepts are used not to divide but to unite, the self enters into a mode of being of the other and identifies itself completely with the other"(Taitetsu 130). Thus, the result is openness and liberation beyond the dichotomous world. It is important to note that Dogen believes that this state of being cannot be obtained however w ith any thought of this gain, rather one should study Buddhism only for the sake of Buddhism. Dogen places importance on the urgency to study the Way by pointing out the impermanence of life. Dogen believes that because of the transiency of life one should "avoid involvement in superfluous things and just study the Way"(Masunaga 83). This enforces the emphasis of detaching the self of worldly affairs. For Dogen there is also a detachment from language and written scriptures for it cannot serve as a means of explaining philosophical truth. Dogen instructs that no mater how elegant prose might be, "they are merely toying with words and cannot gain truth"(Masunaga 33). Language only obstructs the understanding of Zen Buddhi... ... there is no Enlightenment to obtain. One just simply is. The world of ignorance, greed, and self-centeredness is non-existent for the Enlightened mind is completely open and liberated. Works Cited Earhart, Byron H. Japanese Religion: Unity and Diversity. 3rd ed. Belmont; Wadsworth, 1982. Kasulis, T.P. "Nagarjuna: The logic of Emptiness" from Zen Action/ Zen Person. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1981. Matsunaga, Reiho, trs. A Primer of Soto Zen: A Translation of Dogen's Shobogenzo Zuimonki. Hawaii: East-West Center P, 1971. Reps, Paul ed., Excerpts from Zen Flesh, Zen Bones. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957. Taitetsu, Unno. "When Broken Tiles Become Gold" from John Ross Cater, Of Human Bondage and Divine Grace. LaSalle: Open Court, 1992. Tsunoda, Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene. Sources of Japanese Tradition. 1 vol. New York: Columbia U P, 1958.

A Cinderella Story Essay -- Cinderella Fairytale Essays

A Cinderella Story   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When examining adaptations of fairytales you must look at the original source. This can be a very difficult task because with fairytales we never really know where the original came from. I will base my paper on the theory that the original tale of Cinderella comes from the Grimm Brothers version of Ashputtle. In comparison we will examine two movies. First there is the Disney version Cinderella. Secondly we will look at the movie 'Ever After'.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characterization is an important aspect of any story or film, because it sets what the entire film will be about, and how the audience will absorb it. In the story of "Ashputtle". The characters include Ashputtle = Cinderella, The Stepmother, and the stepdaughters, the prince, and who I think are two of the most important characters the father and the spirit of Ashputtle's mother. The character of Cinderella is portrayed as a good little angel that always does what she is told. She is also very weak, because she doesn?t stand up to her family. The characters of the stepfamily are portrayed as evil and vindictive. They treat her rotten, and they make her sleep in the ashes. But in the end all of the parties get their just desert. The stepfamily gets what they deserve. The mother was sent away, and the stepsisters who on her wedding day tried to integrate themselves with her, ended up being punished with blindness. The interesting thing about the character of the fa ther was that in the story he remains alive whereas in the two films he dies, but in this one even though he is alive he still is very mean to Ashputtle, and treats her as a servant after her mother dies. In the first film "Ever After", the characters include, Danielle Debbarberack= Cinderella, the stepmother, and stepsisters (both good and bad), the prince, king and queen, the evil servant who betrays the king and queen, and the father. The character of Danielle was portrayed as a "modern" women of the 16th century, who is as independent as she was beautiful. But even with all her trials and tribulations she manages to fulfill all of her dreams. The prince is an important character in this film also. He plays the role of a spoiled prince, who does not desire the life or the marriage that he was destined for, and when he finds Danielle he falls in love, then rejects her and then ends up with her in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In t... ...k and maybe get a little insight into their souls? "With his new wife were brought two stepdaughters? Their faces were beautiful and lily white, but their hearts were ugly and black as coal?" Some of the exact differences between the different versions include, the fact that in the story we see that after the mother dies the father is still alive but he stays alive throughout the story and does not love his daughter the same as the other two girls. Whereas in the Disney version the father dies and that is when the stepmother and the two stepdaughters start to treat (Cinderella/ashputtle) differently. In the movie ?Ever After? we see that the father also dies and again that is when the evilness in the family comes out. A few other differences that were discussed include the differences in the prince's portrayal, in one version he was outgoing and honest, and in another he was very shy, and reserved but very dedicated. I found that all of the versions were interesting in their own manner and I wish that I could have discussed the hundred or so more tales from different areas of the world. If you enjoy fairytales then this is one that you will be sure and want to check out.

Zotero: a guide for librarians, researchers, and educators Essay

Zotero is an open-source and free software management used in managing bibliographic data and related researched materials (Pucket 2011). Mendeley is a web program and a desktop used in sharing and managing research paper, collaborating online and discovering research data (Banbaj 2009). RefWorks is a commercial web-based software package used for reference management (Tung 2009). The three types of citations play an important role in bibliographic data management, researching on relevant materials used in making bibliographies, share and manage the online research data, and finally ensure proper reference management (Pollack, Cruess, Sternet, Sillitoe, Perou, Jeffrey, 2009). RefWorks provides databases of stored online references that allow easy access and update of information from any computer with internet connections. The software provides a better link of RefWork user’s account to journals that are electronically edited with institution’s library subscription. Providers of bibliographic databases have implemented the ability of directly exporting references to RefWorks (Hasjim 2013:pp.742-749). Mendeley comprises of a team of graduates, researchers, and developers from different academic institutions. It has become a famous website through different awards it has won, which include â€Å"European start-up 2009†, â€Å"bets society social innovation 2009† and â€Å"100 tech top media companies† (Sledz 2009: pp.1407-1408). The name ‘Zotero’ is derived from a verb Albanian which means ‘to master’ (Rimikis 2013: p.792). Zotero has the ability of converting ens style of proprietary EndNotes int o language style of citation. Citation is an important aspect in all academic writings. Majority of academic researchers has adopted the use of the three modules in ensuring proper management of references. In all types of research and scholarly writing, it is necessary to have source works documented. These works are used to underpin particular positions, concepts arguments and propositions with citations. They serve the following purposes; assist readers in relocating and identifying the source work, gives evidence that the position was researched well, and provides credit to the author of the presented theory or an original concept (McMurray 2011: pp.647-654). References Banbaji, A., & Beersheba, I. (2009). Mendeley whasiypwr halÊ ¼wmiy. Ê ¼Wr Yhwdah: Dbiyr :. Puckett, J. (2011). Zotero: a guide for librarians, researchers, and educators. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Tung, K. L., & Pan, Y. (2009). EndNote & RefWorks: lun wen yu wen xian xie zuo guan li (Chu ban. ed.). Tai bei shi: Wu nan. Source document

Ekpeye People of Nigeria Essay

It became a wicked problem that the ancient indigenes of the town had to cry out for stand by so that their innocent youngs would not be taught this new way of life. It is true that thither atomic number 18 many an(prenominal) kinfolks in Nigeria that be still holding to the moral super Cplace of their stopping point. But in a hoidenish where a lot of people immigrate everyday away from their kinship group and farming to other peoples culture for reasons like admission into higher institutions of learning, youth service, employment, etc it becomes imperative to consider and treat cohabitation as a very serious anomaly.The Ekpeye tribe, champion of the numerous tribes in Rivers state of Nigeria is a very good example of the tribes that are now involved in cohabitation. on the job(p) among the Ekpeye youths, one will discover a high rate of premarital informal relationship among the youths. Many of these youths cohabiting with one another(prenominal) are not unbelie vers many couples in the local churches are not married, at least according to the customary law. mass of these young people came together as a result of premarital versed relationships which resulted in un regarded pregnancy.Sad enough, many of these people are church members helping in one capacity or another in fact, there are pastors among them. It has become the order of the day, a common thing that goes on from one town to the other. Majority of these youths, including Christians go into it with the knowledge of their parents and fellowship leaders. This is gradually becoming a serious temptation to many Christian youths who want to uphold the standard of God for spousals and stay faithful to marriage vows. It is similarly standing as a bulwark to evangelize those outside the church.This research paper is focused on this people sort out with the intention of knowing their marriage custom, how cohabitation gained access into the culture, the way cohabitation is practi ced and the effects that cohabitation has on the cohabiting families and the church. Ekpeye Tribe and Its Marriage Custom Ekpeye tribe is one of the local tribes in Rivers state. Ekpeye tribe as seen in the map is in Ahoada East and Ahoada West local disposal areas in Rivers state. There are foursome traditional groups in Ekpeye kingdom. They are Akoh, Ubie, Upata and Igbuduya. 8 The main occupations of Ekpeye traditional society are farming, hunting and fishing.